Cardiac arrest and its reasons and Symptoms

 CAUSES OF CARDIAC ARREST & ITS SYMTOMS 



Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart unexpectedly stops beating which leads fast termination of blood flow to the body’s organs including brain resulting in death or permanent damage if not treated rapidly.

Reasons of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest can be triggered by a diversity of reasons, both directly related to heart issues and other health disorders. Most common reasons are furnished hereunder :-

  1. Heart-Related Reasons:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD): The most common reasons, CAD happens when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, leading to a reduced blood flow and probably heart attack, which can result in cardiac arrest.
    • Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most dangerous arrhythmia, where the heart's ventricles quiver erratically and can’t drive blood successfully.
    • Heart attack (Myocardial infarction): A heart attack harms the heart muscle and can lead to the development of fatal arrhythmias, leading to cardiac arrest.
    • Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that weakens and may lead to failure or arrhythmias.
    • Congenital heart defects: Some people are born with heart conditions that can lead to cardiac arrest later in life.

  1. Non-Heart-Related Reasons:

    • Electrocution: Severe electrical shock can disrupt the heart’s rhythm and lead to cardiac arrest.
    • Drowning: If a person can’t breathe and suffers from shortage of oxygen, the heart may stop beating.
    • Drug Overdose: Certain drugs, including opioids, stimulants (e.g., cocaine), and other substances, can lead to a heart stopping.
    • Severe blood loss (Hemorrhage): An major loss of blood can lead to a drop in blood pressure and shortage of oxygen, resulting in cardiac arrest.
    • Respiratory failure: If the lungs can’t deliver oxygen to the blood, the heart will eventually stop.

  1. Other Factors:

    • Trauma: Severe physical trauma to the chest or other parts of the body leads to cardiac arrest.
    • Severe hypothermia: Extremely low body temperature can slow heart rate to the point of stopping.
    • Electrolyte imbalances: An abnormal balance of minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the blood can leads to life-threatening arrhythmias.

Risk Factors for Cardiac Arrest

While certain person may be more prone to experiencing cardiac arrest, several factors increases risk:

  • Age: Older personnel are at higher risk.
  • Family background/history of heart disease.
  • Smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure.
  • Inactive lifestyle or meager diet.
  • Diabetes and obesity/fatness.
  • Previous heart attack or arrhythmia.

Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

The signs of cardiac arrest often occur unexpectedly without warning. Some common indications are as below :-

  • Sudden loss of consciousness.
  • No pulse.
  • No breathing (or abnormal breathing).
  • Skin may appear soft or bluish, especially around lips or nails.

Immediate medical intervention (e.g., CPR and defibrillation) is very much essential to thwart death.

CPR


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